The Symptoms of Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis is not an independent nephritis disease, but a kind of nephritis syndrome with impaired glomerulus and the same or similar clinical manifestations. Clinically, Glomerulonephritis has the following manifestations:
1. Renal Edema
Glomerulonephritis can cause edema which is related to the following three aspects:
① The allergic reactions will increase systemic capillary permeability and result in slight edema, which commonly occurs in Endocapillary Proliferative Glomerulonephritis (EPGN).
② Oliguria and anuria cause the retention of water and sodium in the body, which always presents in EPGN, Crescentic Glomerulonephritis and Scleroid Glomerulonephritis, etc.
③ Due to the massive proteinuria and Hypoproteinemia, blood colloid osmotic pressure declines and severe edema occurs, which can always be seen in Minimal Glomerulonephritis, Membranous Glomerulonephritis (MGN), Membrano-Proliferative Glomerulonephritis (MPGN), etc.
2. Cylindruria
The foreign cylinder which concentrates and deposits in renal tubules is called urinary cylinder. It concludes glairy cast, cellular cast and granular cast. If there are casts in urine, the urine that filtrates from glomerulus always shows abnormality. Cylindruria always occurs in various Glomerulonephritis.
3. Proteinuria
Because of various inflammatory mediators and active substances, the capillary permeability increases and protein leaks out and forms proteinuria, which commonly occurs in various Glomerulonephritis. And due to the impairment of charge barrier, protein leaks out and forms proteinuria, which is always seen in Minimal Glomerulonephritis.
4. Hematuria
It is caused by the increased glomerular capillary wall or the rupture of capillary wall. It commonly occurs in Endocapillary Proliferative Glomerulonephritis, Crescentic Glomerulonephritis, Membrano-Proliferative Glomerulonephritis and Focal Glomerulonephritis.
5. Oliguria and Anuria
In oliguria, the urine volume is less than 400ml/24h; in anuria, it is less than 100ml/24h. The main reasons for oliguria and anuria are as follows;
① Glomerular endothelial calls proliferate and lead to narrow or blocked capillary lumens and decreased glomerular filtration rate. These diseases include Endocapillary Proliferative Glomerulonephritis, Membrano-Proliferative Glomerulonephritis, etc.
② A large amount of crescents come into being and block renal capsules, for example, the Crescentic Glomerulonephritis.
③ Most nephrons are damaged and vanish, which lead to difficult production of initial urine, for example, the Sclerosing Glomerulonephritis.
6. Renal Hypertension
Renal high blood pressure is closely related to the following two aspects:
① Due to the ischemia state of glomerulus, the excretion of renin goes up;

② Oliguria and anuria cause the retention of water and sodium and the increase of effective circulating blood volume, which always occurs in Endocapillary Proliferative Glomerulonephritis, Membrano-Proliferative Glomerulonephritis, Crescentic Glomerulonephritis and Sclerosing Glomerulonephritis.

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