Polycystic Kidney Disease is a common kind of kidney disease and it can be
divided into two types. The first type is that there is only one cyst which is
full of fluid in the kidney and its cause is unknown so far. After several years
of development, this kind of cyst will gradually get bigger, but it will do no
harm to the kidney only when there is cancerization in the cyst wall. The case
of single cyst is very rare. And the second cyst is a kind of hereditary
disease, called Polycystic Kidney Disease. If people suffer from this disease,
both kidneys will have many cysts of different sizes. For a part of patients,
they may get infections because of the cysts themselves or the increased
pressure in the cyst.
The following is the introduction about the symptoms of Polycystic Kidney
Disease(PKD).
1. Discomfort or pain in waist and abdomen.
The discomfort and pain are caused by that the swelling and expansion of
kidney enlarge the tensile force of renal capsule, drag renal pedicle and press
nearby organs. In addition, due to the large water volume in cysts, the kidney
becomes heavy, which can drag nearby muscles and produce pain. The pain is
characterized by vague and dull pain, fixed at one or both sides and radiates to
the lower parts and back. If there is bleeding or infection in the cyst, the
pain will become suddenly intense. And if the disease is accompanied with renal
stone or blood clot which block the urinary tract, renal colic may occur.
2. Hematuria.
It may manifest microscopic hematuria or gross hematuria with periodic
attacks. When it occurs, lumbago will become serious, and it can also get worse
due to strenuous exercise, wound and infection. The cause of bleeding is that
there are many arteries under the cyst wall and if the pressure increases
together with infections, the vessels in cyst walls will be overly dragged,
which can result in bleeding at last.
3. Hypertension.
The cysts constrict the kidney and lead to renal ischemia, which can increase
the excretion of renin and cause high blood pressure. When the renal functions
remain normal, more than 50% of the patients have suffered from high blood
pressure; and when renal functions decline, the incidence of high blood pressure
climbs higher.
4. Abdominal bossing.
In 60% to 80% of the cases, patients go to hospital for examination and
treatment due to their swollen kidneys. The bigger their kidneys become, the
worse the renal functions will get.
5. Renal dysfunction.
Due to the pressure and occupation of cysts, normal renal tissues become less
and renal functions decline.
6. Proteinuria
Generally, the volume of protein is not so large and the protein in urine
will not surpass 2 grams within 24 hours, so Nephrotic Syndrome will not
occur.
The above is the introduction about the symptoms of Polycystic Kidney
Disease. We hope that it is helpful for early diagnosis and treatment.