People with Kidney Transplant at Increased Risk of Cancer

Kidney transplant is truly one of the miracles of modern medicine. It can help people recover normal renal function and live a high-quality life , but it also renders people at high risk of certain kinds of cancer. It is reported that people who received Kidney transplant are at twice as much risk of developing cancer than the general population. Therefore, people should be monitored closely and use preventive measure to protect against cancer.

The high risk of cancer is due to the need to take a large of immunosuppressive drugs to prevent organ rejection. The immunosuppressive drugs not only suppresses the rejection, but also weaken normal immune system. Additionally, the cancer risk in Kidney transplant is driven by many factors that are known at the time of transplant such as age and smoking and alcohol history, etc.
Many people know the high risk of cancer, but the alternative to kidney transplant is death. Now, the embarrassing situation for people with End Stage Renal Failure is gone.

In recent years, with the rapid development of regenerative medicine, stem cell technology has been applied to treat various kinds of incurable diseases.

With the government's support, China has been the forefront in researching and applying stem cell technology in incurable chronic diseases. Up to now, Immunotherapy has been treat various kinds of diseases in China like Diabetes and Kidney Disease.

Immunotherapy is a promising therapy for people with End Stage Renal Failure. It brings infinite hope to the patients all around the world.

The Life Span of People Who Received Kidney Transplant

When one develops Renal Failure, kidney transplant can be life-saving. It does deliver the patients hope to survive. However, other problems follow closely, such as rejection, medications and so on. After experience all those sufferings, one may question how long he or she can actually live.

I didn’t prepare an exact number for you, because I don’t really have one. As a matter of fact, the longevity of people received kidney transplant varies from person to person. The life span mainly depends on the following factors:

A. Rejection
There’s a decent reason why I put it in the first place. Rejection is the most annoying problem for any kinds of transplant. The rejection derives from one’s own immune system. It is serious enough which can lead to graft failure. Rejection makes the surgery fail and can cause death.

B. Age
The age I said here refers to the age of donor and recipient. The success rate is higher in younger donor than older, of course it also affects greatly on the life span of recipient. Younger recipient recover more quickly, and sometimes enjoy a little longer time.

C. Sound lifestyle along with healthy diet
Most of the doctors will advice the patients to follow a healthy lifestyle as well as daily diet. As a matter of fact, how many people can take the doctor’s counsel? That’s the problem. Healthy lifestyle and diet become one of the most effective ways to prolong one’s life. This is especially true for people who took transplant.

D. Regular check-ups
Regular physical examination is also strongly recommended. Vast majority of the people who take the surgery result from the delayed treatment. More often than that, those with kidney disease overlook the importance of detection and physical examination, which is mainly responsible for the latter consequences.

E. The donor
If the kidney you got is from a living one instead of decreased one, it stands a chance of success rate, surely affects your life span. However, evidence-based data showed that, there’s no big difference between these two kinds of donors.

F. The transplant center
A celebrated center surely poses a better effect than a random one. If you have already made up your mind to take the surgery, why don’t choose the best? The major effects of life span usually depend on their techniques, service, and professional level etc., all those factors are essential to one’s quality of life and longevity.

I just list some of the influencing factors, there can be more. One’s life span can’t be predicted because so many factors are involved in. Don’t disappoint or be excited after you read this article. 

Consult our experts online to get more detailed information. We’re here to help.

Dialysis, Kidney Transplant and How to Avoid Dialysis and Kidney Transplant

For kidney failure patients, dialysis and kidney transplant might be arranged by doctors. The following context concerns more information on dialysis and kidney transplant that patient should be aware of. And frankly there is still method to avoid dialysis and final kidney transplant.

Very high creatinine level can easily lead to cardiovascular disease, so dialysis is needed to help excreting out toxic wastes within blood. Based on the effectiveness on excreting out toxic wastes, Dialysis can be classified as Common dialysis, Hemoperfusion, plasma exchange, as well as immunoadsorption technique. Common dialysis is adopted by most patients and this treatment mainly excretes out mini-molecular toxic wastes. And this is the most common dialysis adopted by patients. Other methods can relatively more effectively excrete out micra-molecular toxic wastes, but these methods are not adopted spread world due to economic and technique reasons.

No dialysis can solve all problems caused by kidney function decline. So, after several years' dialysis, patient will become more prone to some complications like cardiovascular disease, brain disease, and malignant hypertension and so on. At this time, dialysis will be more dangerous, and kidney transplant will be the last choice. However, kidney transplant can hardly solve it once and for good. For one thing, the kidney source is a big problem, and many patients have to wait for years, and during this period of time, there condition may aggravates to the level that the surgery of kidney transplant can not be conducted, even when kidney source is available. For another thing, after the kidney transplant, patient needs to take anti-immune rejection medicine everyday. And thirdly, the transplanted kidney has its own survival period. In general a transplanted kidney can survive 13 years, but due to many external influences, the transplanted kidney can work well only within 5 years after the transplantation. This is the reason why kidney transplant is not recommended as long as there is still hope to avoid or , at least , prolong the necessity for kidney transplant.

In China, we adopted Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy and Immunotherapy to protect and promote overall kidney function. By this, many patients can avoid dialysis and final kidney transplant.
And sincerely hope this treatment method can also benefit you. 

Please send a description on your specific condition to khkpcn@hotmail.com and our experts will help analyze your condition and reply with corresponding treatment suggestions.

Can People with Diabetes Receive Kidney Transplant

In recent years, Kidney Transplant success rate has increased greatly for the application of immunosuppressive drugs. For the patients with End Stage Renal Failure, Kidney Transplant is the main replacement therapy for them. However, for the special disease conditions of Diabetes, the patients with End Stage Renal Failure caused by Diabetes generally are not recommended to receive Kidney Transplant.

1. After Kidney Transplant, the patients need to use a large dosage of adrenal cortex hormonem. It can make it very difficult to control blood sugar.

2. The patients with Diabetes are usually complicated with neurogenic cystitis, which can influence the function of transplanted kidneys.

3. The immunity of the patients with Diabetes is usually very weak. Therefore, it is very likely for them to have infection thus decreasing the success rate of Kidney Transplant.

4. The patients with Diabetes are often accompanied by serious vascular diseases, which can shorten the life expectancy of the patients.

5. The blood vessels condition of the patients with Diabetes is usually bad. It can cause influence on the operation of Kidney Transplant.

6. If the patients can not control their blood sugar very well after Kidney Transplant, it will cause kidneys to fail once again.
Based on some researches, only in rare cases of Diabetes, the patients can live more than 20 years after Kidney Transplant.

Therefore, Kidney Transplant generally is not suggested to the patients with End Stage Renal Failure caused by Diabetes. They should choose treatment that can restore their impaired kidneys and lower high blood glucose at the same time. Here Immunotherapy is recommended to the patients with Diabetes. It will be able to block the further renal damage once the high blood sugar decreases.

Matters Need to be Paid Attention to after the Kidney Transplant

For the patients of renal failure who have taken the kidney transplant, the operation is not the end point for the treatment. As we all know, the kidney transplant means we need to transplant the kidney of other body into our body, so it is hard to avoid the rejection of the body, which means the immunity system reject the transplanted kidney and attract it. For some serious cases, the rejection may lead to the failure of the kidney transplant, which is rather dangerous. Therefore, there is a series of matters need to be paid attention to after the kidney transplant.

Misunderstanding of the kidney transplant

In recent years, with the development of the kidney transplant technique, there are thousands of patients of end stage of renal failure take the kidney transplant operation and then prolong their lives. For the learning of kidney transplant, there still are some misunderstandings. For example, some people think the kidney transplant is to resection the patient’s kidney then transplant the kidney of other body in the same position of the original kidney. And some patients think the kidney transplant will solve everything and they have nothing to worry about after the operation.
Indeed, kidney transplant is to transplant the donor’s kidney into the fossa iliaca in the right or life abdomen to replace one of the patient damaged kidneys. Usually, the operation doesn’t need to resect the damaged kidney of the receptor. After the kidney transplant, as the strong rejection of the immunity system to the transplanted kidney, most patients have to take the immunosuppressive agent for the whole life.

The function of immunosuppressive agent is to make the rejection to the transplanted kidney weaker. While, at the same time, the immunosuppressive agent also weakens the immunity ability, then the bacterium and infections will threaten the patients’ health due to the weaker immunity. So after the kidney transplant, the patients need to two major problems:

First, pay close attention to prevent the infection
Infections is one the most common and dangerous complications after the operation. During the three months after the operation, the immunity of the patients is the weakest due to the large amount of immunosuppressive agent. And various of bacterium, mould, virus will take advantage of the weak point. The common infections include the upper respiratory tract infection, urinary infection, pneumonia, gastroenteritis, herpes zoster and so on. Due to the poor immunity, and the patients are not sensitive to the antibiotic, so once the patients got infection, it is hard to be controlled.
In order to prevent from infection, hope the patients can pay attention to the following aspects:
1, exam the concentration of the immunosuppressive agent in the blood and then regulate the dosage of it. The large dosage will damage the immunity, while the small dosage will induce the rejection.
2, don’t got the public place where are too many people.
3, pay attention to the dietetic hygiene and avoid the stale and raw or cold food.

Second, the lifelong anti-rejection
After about half a year of various dangers, the patients may back to work and take proper business. With the decrease of the dosage of the immunosuppressive agent, the patients’ immunity will recover. At this time, the patients need to pay attention to the chronic rejection. The symptoms of chronic rejection can be reduced as “three highs and one low”: high level of creatinine, blood pressure and temperature and low level of urine volume. And there are the proteinuria, pain of the kidney and joint.
As there is no medicine can reverse the chronic rejection, the prognosis of the patients will worse once the chronic rejection started.
So it is important to make the good precaution of the chronic rejection.
1, follow the doctor’s advice strictly and don’t reduce the medicines by oneself. Reducing the medicine by oneself is the main cause for the chronic rejection.
2, avoid the over working, staying up late, catching cold, because virus and bacterial infections all can induce the chronic rejection. The patients who have taken the kidney transplant should develop the habit of taking a nap, which can guarantee of the blood supply of the kidney.
3, avoid the medicines that are harm for the kidney, such as gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin and so on. And patients had better not inoculate the virus vaccine adjuvant.
4, be a good nurse for yourself. Observe the weight, blood pressure, urine volume regularly.

Indeed, kidney transplant is a complex and dangerous operation. If the patients still have other chance or opportunity, they should avoid the kidney transplant. This should be the last choice for the patients.

Major Problems of Kidney Transplant

The major problems of kidney transplant includes rejection and survival rate of transplanted kidneys, or we can called it “life span” of post kidney transplanted patients.

REJECTION
Since kidney transplant is a kind of “exchange” between kidneys, the new planted kidney can not live well in the new environment, because patients’ body can not recognize this new organ at first, so there will be a period of rejection.

Rejection can be divided in to 4 types: hyperacute rejection, accelerated rejection, acute rejection and chronic rejection. As for hyperacute rejection, and accelerated rejection, there is no way but removes the transplanted kidney; and for acute rejection, it is the most common rejection for patients, generally it will happened during 6 days to 6 months after transplant, the major symptoms are: fever, less urine, blood pressure increase and creatinine increase. Chronic rejection means the rejection happens after 6 months of transplant, it has relationship with following factors: undesired match of leucocyte groups, acute rejection happened many times after transplant, the dose of Ciclosporin is not enough and hyperlipidemia etc..

Anyway, patients need to go to hospital for treatment as soon as possible when rejection happens, recheck regularly is important to ensure the long and safety renal function.

SURVIVAL RATE

The effect of kidney transplant can be expressed by the survival rate of kidney or patient, after kidney transplant, because of taking immunosuppressive agent, some kinds of infection and complications as well as side effect of medicines may occur. So the effects of kidney transplant and dialysis are the concerns of people. With the developing of medical science, the success rate of kidney transplant gets a great improvement. Now the survival rate of transplanted kidney for 10 years can reach to 60%, but patients who want to transplant their kidneys also need to wait for the proper kidneys. This is really a problem, generally less than one tenth patients can be lucky donated.

What should Patients Pay Attention to after the Kidney Transplant

What should patients notice on diet?

There are many limitations for uremia patients. Due to the serious kidney damage, the improper diet can aggravate damage, which is unfavourable for the recovery. Then regarding the diet of uremia patients who have received the kidney transplantation, what should they notice?

If patients have high uric acid, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia or hypertension, they should make a proper dietary arrangement, following the instruction of their doctors, because the long-term high uric acid, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and hypertension will cause more complications, even can shorten survival time of transplant kidney.

After the kidney transplant operation, patient should take more rest.

Enough rest is quite important. Because of the operation and hospitalization, patients are easily tired. But once the renal function restore, the energy will recover soon. In the early time after the operation, taking a walk is a good choice. Of course, patients also can do some slight homework.

What kind of sport is suitable for patients after the operation?

The physical condition of many patients has been improved a lot by activities. The immune system of human body needs a balance state, which can keep our body healthy. The purpose of taking anti-rejection medicines is to make the body and transplant kidney in a balance state. On this basis, to enhance physical ability is helpful for the long-term survival of patients.

What are the risk factors which can influence the transplant kidney lifetime?

At present, the main problems which threaten the survival time of kidney transplant patients are medicine toxicity, cardiovascular disease, viral infection, exclusive reaction. Among them, the most trouble one is infection. According to the global date, 50% of patients will get the cytomegalovirus infection after the operation.

Is Kidney Transplant the only Treatment for Renal Failure

At present, dialysis and kidney transplant are the most common treatment methods for renal failure. Yes, dialysis and kidney transplant are really very important treatment for patients of renal failure, and kidney transplant has solved the life of many patients or at least it prolongs the life of the patients to some extent. While, is kidney transplant the only treatment for renal function?
For patients with rather poor renal function, kidney transplant may be the best choice for them if they are suitable for this operation and don’t have the contraindications for kidney transplant. 

Although, at present, babies of several months and elder people of eighty can adopt kidney transplant, the more suitable age for the operation is 13 to 60 years old considering the effects and recovery for the operation. Of course, if the patients' condition is allowable, this limitation can be extended properly. But when the patients are older than 55 years, the complications of the operation will increase and the risk will increase. For the patients with Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C, they need to take treatment for them. And after one month after the recovery of the liver function the patients can adopt kidney transplant. And patients with the following disease are not suitable for kidney transplant: mental disease, chronic respiratory function failure, heart failure, coagulation system disorders and so on. Besides, patients with serious coronary disease or some kinds of nephritis and patients with serious polycystic kidney disease accompanied with serious polycystic liver disease need to be cautious for the kidney transplant.

Therefore, patients of renal failure must have a comprehensive of kidney transplant before they adopt the operation. And if there is still chance to avoid the kidney transplant, the patient should not give up. At present, Immunotherapy has become one of the new choices except kidney transplant for patients with kidney failure.
And one characteristic for the Immunotherapy is based on Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy. The adoption of Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy effectively protects kidney function from further decline, and creates a favorable environment for damaged cells' self-repairing, but the recovering of cells by Chinese medicine is relatively fragile and slow. Then Immunotherapy works in two aspects, A) help with repairing damages of other body parts (like blood vessel damages), and this consolidates the favorable environment for damaged cells self-repairing. B). help with repairing these damaged kidney cells, and provide them with necessary materials. Based on restoring functions of damaged cells, the overall kidney function can enjoy an improvement, but his improvement extent is not satisfying, and especially for end stage kidney failure patients.

If you have other questions for kidney transplant, please consult online freely.

Symptoms of Renal Failure in the Early Stage

1. Feeling sleepy and tired always happen in the early stage and they are also neglected by the people.
Because so many factors can make a person sleepy and fatigue, especially for those persons who are working very hard and they often owe their sleepiness and fatigue to their job. If they have a good rest, these symptoms will disappear. So these symptoms are easily neglected.

2. Edema is the most intuitionistic symptom and can be easily found.
Because the kidney can’t clear up redundant water in the body, the fluid will be retained inside the tissue space. In the early stage, there is edema in the ankle and eyelid only and after a rest, the edema will disappear. If the edema continues to exist or extends to all the body, the disease is severe.

3. Sallowness caused by anemia.
The sallowness isn’t obvious in a long period. Just like that we can’t find the delicate change of our friends when greeting with each other in the morning or evening.

4. Hypertention.
The kidney has the function of excreting sodium and water. If the kidney is damaged, sodium and water cannot be excreted. And the kidney will secrete something that will rise the blood pressure. So the patients suffered from Renal Failure will have high blood pressure of some degree at the early stage. If the patients have weak clotting mechanism, they are likely to have nosebleed or gumbleed. Those cases should be paid attention to.

5. The change of urine volume caused by renal insufficiency.
Due to the fall of the kidney’s filtration function, the urine volume of some patients will be reduced. Even the normal urine volume can’t show the patient’s kidney is good or not. Because the toxin excreted by the damaged kiney in the urine decreases.

6. The rise of serum creatinine caused by the weak digestive function because of the accumulation of toxin. The patients have a poor appetite.
But many people don't think that the retention of urine toxins will affect the digestive function. The patients will feel abdominal discomfort, nausea, vomiting as the disease develops, leading to increased cacation or loose stool. At that time, the disease is severe and the patients have to see the doctor.

What are the possible complications of chronic kidney failure

If the chronic kidney disease progresses to kidney failure, the following complications are possible:
· Anemia - hemoglobin levels drop and not enough oxygen reaches many parts of the body.
· Central nervous system damage.
· Dry skin, skin color changes.
· Fluid retention - this can lead to swollen tissue, heart failure, and fluid build-up in the lungs.
· Hyperkalemia - blood potassium levels rise; this can result in heart damage.
· Insomnia - this is a common consequence of kidney failure
· Lower libido (sex drive)
· Male erectile dysfunction.
· Ostemalacia - bones become weak and break easily.
· Pecarditis - the sac-like membrane that envelops the heart (pericardium) becomes inflamed.
· Stomach ulcers.
· Weak immune system - the patient becomes much more susceptible to infection.
Complications in children
· Erythropoietin production drops, resulting in a much lower red blood cell count.
· Vitamin D - the kidneys will no longer be able to activate vitamin D, resulting in poor calcium absorption and muscle function.
Consequently, children with kidney failure may fail to grow properly.

Complications during pregnancy
When a woman is pregnant the kidneys have to work especially hard because the amount of fluid in the body increases. Pregnant women with chronic kidney failure may experience worsening hypertension and an increase in waste products in their blood. This can affect both the mother and her baby. Hypertension means the baby will get loss blood through the placenta, resulting in possible growth problems. Waste products in the bloodstream may also affect the baby.
Women with chronic kidney failure who are pregnant have a significantly higher risk of developing preeclampsia, compared to other women - blood pressure rises dangerously high. If left untreated the result could be a brain hemorrhage, or hemorrhaging in the liver or kidneys - both potentially fatal for both mother and baby.

What are Renal Failure and End-Stage Renal Disease

Renal Failure is any acute or chronic loss of kidney function and is the term used when some kidney function remains. Total kidney failure, sometimes called end-stage renal disease (ESRD), indicates permanent loss of kidney function. Depending on the form of glomerular disease, renal function may be lost in a matter of days or weeks or may deteriorate slowly and gradually over the course of decades.

Acute Renal Failure
A few forms of glomerular disease cause very rapid deterioration of kidney function. For example, PSGN can cause severe symptoms (hematuria, proteinuria, edema) within 2 to 3 weeks after a sore throat or skin infection develops. The patient may temporarily require dialysis to replace renal function. This rapid loss of kidney function is called acute renal failure (ARF). Although ARF can be life-threatening while it lasts, kidney function usually returns after the cause of the kidney failure has been treated. In many patients, ARF is not associated with any permanent damage. However, some patients may recover from ARF and subsequently develop CKD.

Chronic Kidney Disease
Most forms of glomerular disease develop gradually, often causing no symptoms for many years. CKD is the slow, gradual loss of kidney function. Some forms of CKD can be controlled or slowed down. For example, diabetic nephropathy can be delayed by tightly controlling blood glucose levels and using ACE inhibitors and ARBs to reduce proteinuria and control blood pressure. But CKD cannot be cured. Partial loss of renal function means that some portion of the patient’s nephrons have been scarred, and scarred nephrons cannot be repaired. In many cases, CKD leads to total kidney failure.

Total Kidney Failure
To stay alive, a patient with total kidney failure must go on dialysis—hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis—or receive a new kidney through transplantation. Patients with CKD who are approaching total kidney failure should learn as much about their treatment options as possible so they can make an informed decision when the time comes. With the help of dialysis or transplantation, many people continue to lead full, productive lives after reaching total kidney failure.

Kidney Failure Diet

Once the patients enter into the stage of Renal Failure, they should pay attention to their diet. Renal Failure means that the kidney begins to shrink and renal fibrosis deepens. Long-term Kidney Diseases will lead to damage to kidney units and glomerulus particularly, then the whole size of the kidney will shrink.

Kidney shrinking and the changes of kidney function often keep pace with each other. When the patient’s kidney begins to shrink, Renal Insufficiency, Renal Failure will appear. So during the process of treating kidney disease, it’s important to improve and control kidney shrinking. Then what should the patients with kidney shrinking pay attention to on daily diet?

First, protein. If the kidney function is normal, protein intake needn’t to be limited strictly and daily intake is 1g per kilogram body weight; if proteinuria increases, plasma protein is low and kidney function is normal, the patients can have high-protein diet, 1.2 ~ 1.5g per kilogram body weight per day; if the patients have azotemia, protein intake should be limited, 0.6 ~ O.8g per kilogram body weight per day.

Second, mineral salt and vitamins. The food should be rich in vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B, vitamin C, and mineral salt.

Third, water and sodium salt. The patients with swelling or severe hypertension should eat low-salt or no salt diet. If they have severe swelling, oliguria, heart failure, the daily amount of liquid should be controlled within 1000ml.

Fourth, fat. Eat less fat. Do not eat animal fats particularly. They should eat more vegetable fats containing unsaturated fatty acids.
Fifth, total energy. For adult, the total energy supply is 8.368 ~ 16.7361kg.

Pathogenesis of Acute Renal Failure

A.Types: Extrarenal Conditions
a.Prerenal Failure
Decreased renal perfusion
Examples: Dehydration, CHF, Liver failure
b.Postrenal Failure
Renal outflow obstruction
Examples: BPH, Genitourinary tumors
B.Types: Intrarenal Conditions
c.Vascular Injury
Afferent arteriolar vasoconstriction
Results in decreased driving force
Decreased Glomerular filtration
Types
Microvascular (Small vessel thrombosis)
Macrovascular (e.g. Renal Artery Stenosis)
d.Glomerulonephritis
Associated with Hematuria and Proteinuria
e.Acute Interstitial Nephritis
Due to allergic or autoimmune diseases
f.Tubular Injury and Acute Tubular Necrosis
Mechanism
Tubules injured in most but not all acute failure
Obstruction
Abnormal material inspissates and plugs flow
Back-leak
Tubular cells loose integrity
Back-leaks ultrafiltrate
Results in poor waste clearance
Course (3 phases)
Initiation phase (minutes to hours)
Starts with well functioning kidney
Kidney bombarded by potential toxins
Maintenance phase
Established loss of Renal Function
Kidney unresponsive to simple interventions
Recovery phase (weeks to months)
Complete recovery in Acute Tubular Necrosis
Specific Examples
a.Intravenous Contrast Related Acute Renal Failure
b.Renal Ischemia
Tubular obstruction and back-leak
c.Aminoglycoside Antibiotics
Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate
Tubular cell injury
d.Rhabdomyolysis
Decreased afferent blood flow
Renal tubular obstruction

Etiology And Pathogenesis of Renal Failure

1, the changes of nephron hemodynamics: when renal parenchyma reduces, the remaining healthy nephron hemodynamics will be changed. The manifestation is the increase of glomerular capillary pressure and flow rate, that is glomerular hyperperfusion and hyperfiltration. In this case, the angiotensin in the kidney tissue will increase, causing hypertension, glomerular hypertrophy and eventually leading to glomerular sclerosis. In addition, AT-Ⅱ will get involved in the synthesis of extracellular matrix and various expression of inflammatory cytokines and then promote glomerulosclerosis.

2, the changes of glomerular basement membrane permeability: the diseased glomerular basement membrane will cause the leakage of large number of protein, leading to damage of glomerular epithelial cells and tubulointerstitial and then renal fibrosis and reduced renal unit.

3, lipid metabolism disorders: very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) increases, promoting progressive glomerular sclerosis.

4, high renal tubular metabolism: when nephron reduces, renal tubular hypermetabolism can make free radicals of healthy kidney units increase. The decreased scavenging of free radical will lead to cell damage and further kidney units.

Treat Kidney Failure by Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)

Chronic Kidney Failure  (CKF), resulted from the progressive renal function damage of various primary or secondary kidney diseases, is the clinical syndrome, presenting a series of symptoms or metabolic disorder. At present, the basic therapy for the Chronic Kidney Failure is dialysis or kidney transplant, but these therapies exist problems, such as various kinds of complications, donor shortage, and great side-effect of immunosuppressive agent, etc.

Chinese experts create an innovative therapy to treat all kinds of kidney diseaseas--Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy. What is Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy?

The core technique of Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy is refined grinding of effective agents for kidney disease treatment, to make the active ingredient fully release and mix up, then with the help of effective penetrant and penetration equipment, penetrate the active ingredient into kidney focus achieving the object of effectively treating kidney disease. This innovative therapy not only eliminates side-effects of oral-taken medicine, but also achieves the object of making active agent reaches the focus. Moreover, this therapy is proved by clinical experience that it’s effective and convenient.

While treating Kidney Failure, the Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy will play the following effects:

First, dilate the blood vessels to improve the partial microcirculation of kidney.

Second, anti-inflammation.
Third, anticoagulation, anti blood viscosity, and prevent the thrombus from formation.

Forth, degrade the formation of extracellular matrix (ECM).
So, the Micro-Chinese Medicine realizes the three big purposes of block, repair, and restore.

What are Chronic kidney failure symptoms

What is chronic renal failure? Chronic kidney failure is a slow and progressive decline of renal function. It's usually a result of a complication from another serious medical condition. Unlike acute renal failure, which happens quickly and suddenly, chronic renal failure happens gradually over a period of weeks, months, or years until the kidneys stop working, leading to end-stage renal failure.What are Chronic kidney failure symptoms?

The progression is so slow that symptoms usually don't appear until major damage is done. As kidney function decreases, the symptoms will appear as follows:

1. Metabolic acidosis, or increased acidity of the body due to the inability to manufacture bicarbonate, will alter enzyme and oxygen metabolism, causing organ failure.

2. Rising urea levels in the blood (uremia) can affect the function of a variety of organs ranging from the brain (encephalopathy) with alteration of thinking, to inflammation of the heart lining (pericarditis), to decreased muscle function because of low calcium levels (hypocalcemia).

3. Inability to excrete potassium and rising potassium levels in the serum (hyperkalemia) is associated with fatal heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmias) including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation.

4. As waste products build in the blood, loss of appetite, lethargy, and fatigue become apparent. This will progress to the point where mental function will decrease and coma may occur.

5. Generalized weakness may be due to anemia, a decreased red blood cell count, because lower levels of erythropoietin produced by failing kidneys do not adequately stimulate the bone marrow. A decrease in red cells equals a decrease in oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, resulting in decreased oxygen delivery to cells for them to do work; therefore, the body tires quickly. As well, with less oxygen, cells more readily use anaerobic metabolism leading to increased amounts of acid production that cannot be addressed by the already failing kidneys.

6. Because the kidneys cannot address the rising acid load in the body, breathing becomes more rapid as the lungs try to buffer the acidity by blowing off carbon dioxide. Blood pressure may rise because of the excess fluid, and this fluid can be deposited in the lungs, causing congestive heart failure.

After more than twenty years clinical experience, we summarized an innovative method, Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy, to treat kidney disease. If you want to know more information about his method, send email to: khkpcn@hotmail.com.

Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Failure

The most common causes of Chronic Kidney Failure are diseases or illnesses that damage the kidneys little by little for many years. These include high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, polycystic kidney disease, obstructions of the urinary tract, glomerulonephritis, certain cancers, autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, and diseases of the heart or lungs. Using painkilling medications for a long period time may also damage the kidneys and cause chronic renal failure.

What is the Pathophysiology of Chronic Kidney Failure?
1. Regardless of the primary cause of nephron loss, some usually survive or are less severely damaged
2. These nephrons then adapt and enlarge, and clearance per nephron markedly increases.
3. If the initiating process is diffuse, sudden, and severe, such as in some patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (crescentic glomerulonephritis), acute or subacute renal failure may ensue with the rapid development of ESRD.
4. In most patients, however, disease progression is more gradual and nephron adaptation is possible.
5. Focal glomerulosclerosis develops in these glomeruli, and they eventually become non-functional.
6. At the same time that focal glomerulosclerosis develops, proteinuria markedly increases and systemic hypertension worsens.
7. This process of nephron adaptation has been termed the "final common path."
8. Adapted nephrons enhance the ability of the kidney to postpone uremia, but ultimately the adaptation process leads to the demise of these nephrons.

Prevention of Renal Failure on Diet

1. Proper protein intake
Renal Failure patient should limit the protein intake to lighten nephritic burden. But, if patients eat too less, their muscle and internal organ tissues will be consumed. So, the patient must intake proper and sufficient quantity and quality of protein. The suitable quality of protein is 1-1.2g per kilogram of body weight everyday.

2. Sufficient energy intake
Take sufficient energy while limiting protein intake, in order to avoid insufficient energy intake and causing the increase of nitrogen-containing waste, the patient can take high calorie food with the lowest protein content. For example, using vegetable oil, low protein starch and sugar to cook tasty dessert. The energy intake should be 30-40 calorie per kilogram of body weight every day, avoiding weight loss overly.

3. Pay attention to water intake
When renal failure and hypouresis, the water will accumulate in body, the load of heart blood vessels system will increase, causing a series of symptoms, including no vigor, general edema, gain weight, cough, tachypnea after laying down, HCT decrease, complications of hypertension, heart failure, pericarditis, and occurring unbalanced syndrome of headache, nausea, vomiting, crick, etc. The weight gain everyday should be controlled less than 1kg. The water intake is the total urine volume of the day before add 500-700ml. If the urine volume of the day before is 500ml, the water intake of the whole day should be 500cC + 500 ( 7D0) ml= 1000 ～ 1200ml, including water, porridge, milk, soup, and beverage, etc. The patient should avoid taking too much water. In order to relieve the feeling of thirsty, the patient can rinse mouth, chewing gum, or squeeze a little of lemon juice in the water.

4. Pay attention to salt intake
While in the stage of renal failure, the patient is unable to discharge water and salt, which can cause edema and hypertension easily. The patient should take salt less than 5g/ day.

5.Maintain the balance of calcium and phosphorous
Calcium and phosphorous are the most important mineral substances in body, because these two can maintain bone and teeth growing well, making nerve and muscle work regularly. While short of calcium, the patient should take much milk, calcium, and vitamin D. Phosphorous exists in all the food contained protein. The patient should not only take adequate nutrition, but also decrease phosphorous intake. The only way for patient is to take aluminium hydroxide and calcium carbonate, etc. to combine phosphorous in food while eating.

6. Avoid taking food contained high potassium and phosphorous.
For, the severe damaged kidney can not filter out potassium ion, causing hyperkalemia, which may cause numbness of fingers, weakness, myasthenia of limbs, chest stuffy, tongue stiff, difficult to talk, lose consciouseness, arrhythmias or cardiac standstill.

7. Avoid taking food contained aluminiferous and purine, poisoning, and gout.

What Kind of Foods can People with Kidney Disease Take

First.The diet should be mild. Avoid taking spicy foods and drinking liquor. Take less oily food and meat and fish with much animal-protein. (such as fatty meat, shrimp, and crab, etc.)

Second. Avoid taking beans and beans products (such as bean curd, bean sprout, and bean flour, etc.)

Third. Patients with edema, hypertension, and heart failure, should take food with less salt or without salt.

Fourth. Patients who are kidney insufficiency or uremia should pay special attention to:

1) Control the quantity of high protein food intake every day (such as, meat, milk, and eggs, etc.). According to every patients illness conditions, the adult can take protein about 100-150g every day generally, but also in 3-5 times.

2) Avoid taking beans and beans products, taking less nut( such as, walnut, chestnut, and almond, etc.) and cure foods( such as, pickles, preserved vegetable in soy.)

3) In order to increase discharge quantity of Creatinine and Urea nitrogen, patients should keep relieving the bowels smoothly. White gourd, watermelon, and calabash, are good fro urination. Red bean soup and mung bean soup with sugar can reduce fever and cause diuresis. Honey, banana, pear, radish, walnut, and black sesame can relax bowels. All these foods can coordinate with medicine to take.

4) While kidney failure, drainability of kidney is limited, so, water intake should be limited. The formula of water intake: quantity of water intake = total urine volume of previous day + 500-800ml.

Value of Creatinine in Case of Kidney Failure

According to value of creatinine, kidney disease can be divided into four stages.

Stage I Compensatory Stage of Renal Insufficiency.
Stage II Decompensatory Stage of Renal Insufficiency.
Stage III Renal Failure Stage.
Stage IV Uremia Stage.

Value of creatinine in case of Kidney Failure: creatinine in this stage is between 442 to 707 umol/l. In general, if the creatinine is over 707umol/l, it is end stage Uremia.

As we have already known the value of creatinine in case of Kidney Failure, what treatment can block the progressing to Uremia?

At present, the best treatment for Kidney Failure is characteristic therapy of Chinese medicine, that is Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy. This treatment can treat Kidney Failure fundamentally for patients whose creatinine is lower than 1300umol/l, urine volume in 24hours is over 1200ml, and dialysis less than ten times. For patients in Renal Failure Stage, the creatinine will not be higher than 1300umol/l, so the best treatment in this stage is Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy.

Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy repairs the damaged renal function from the basis, expands renal arteries, increases effective blood perfusion of the damaged kidney, increases oxygen supply and improves kidney microcirculation. Micro-Chinese Medicine Osmotherapy makes the medicine permeate into the kidney through bilateral renal area. The purpose of it is to dredge the kidneys and activate renal function by invigorating blood vessels, activating blood and dissolving stasis and removing the toxins. By improving the microcirculation of the damaged kidney, micro-Chinese medicine can promote the metabolism of the kidney, give full play of the medicine effect, repair the damaged glomeruli, strengthen tubular reabsorption and recover the normal functions of the kidney thus normalizing the serum creatinine and blood nitrogen.

What are the Treatment Options for Kidney Failure

1. Treatment on the causes of Kidney Failure. For example, for patients with inadequate blood supply or blood loss, body fluid or water supplement is needed. While for the infection, treatment targeting at the infection is needed.

2. As the kidney has lost its function, doctors may temporarily treat it with dialysis method, which can assist eliminating the toxin and waste in vivo. For the chronic Renal Failure patient who has no proper treatment or whose condition is hard to control, when it turns from acute disease to chronic Renal Failure, he will have to do dialysis all life long because of Uremia.

3. Diet Controlling. Surgical specialist point out that for patients with Renal Failure, as the kidney function has been damaged, the food eaten by them will produce toxin and waste in vivo and can not be discharged from body. Therefore, patients should pay special attention to the diet, and avoid the burden to body.
a) Protein limitation: for patients without dialysis, as the kidney can not discharge the waste of protein metabolism, it will aggravate the condition; for patients who have already started doing dialysis, the point is that they will lose protein when doing dialysis, so they should maintain the body needs according to the nutritionist’s suggestion.
b) Limit the intake of sodium. Because salt is rich in sodium, if there is too much sodium in the body of Renal Failure patients, it will result in hyperhydropoxis, which will lead to cardiopulmonary failure or the aggravation of Renal Failure. But do not use low sodium salt, because of high-potassium.
c) Limit the intake of potassium. The accumulated potassium in vivo will result in muscle weakness, or even worse, which can cause arrhythmia and then heart failure.
d) Limit the intake of phosphorus. As the excessive phosphorus in vivo will cause the loss of calcium, so doctors will control the phosphorus content in blood with the assist of medicine, in case of osteoporosis.
e) Water intake. If too much water is taken, there will be edema or heart failure when kidneys can’t discharge it. So it is very important to control the intake of water. Doctors will suggest the acceptable daily intake by the urine volume or dialyzed water volume of individual patient. Usually the water intake should be the urine volume of the day before plus 500-750c.
4. Kidney transplant. For some end Kidney Failure patients, they need long-term dialysis. Kidney transplant can bring a better life for them when they are in proper condition. However kidney transplant is a big program, although the current medical technology is quite advanced, it still needs many evaluations, so that the chance of success can be greater.

Expert's notice: The above treatment is all adjuvant treatment, while the key lies in the recovering of damaged inherent kidney cells. Although dialysis can relieve the patient's pain, it can not recover the damaged kidneys. Moreover, only 1% of the transplanted kidney can live for 10 years. Therefore, kidney disease needs an early treatment, targeting at the damaged kidney and blocking the progress of renal fibrosis, thus achieveing the goal of effective treatment.

What are the causes of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

Cause of chronic kidney disease is not always known. But any condition or disease that damages blood vessels or other structures in the kidneys can lead to kidney disease. The most common causes of chronic kidney disease are:

High blood pressure (hypertension). High blood pressure causes another 30% of all kidney disease. Because blood pressure often rises with chronic kidney disease, high blood pressure may further damage kidney function even when another medical condition initially caused the disease.

Diabetes. Diabetes causes about 35% of all chronic kidney disease. High blood sugar levels caused by diabetes damage blood vessels in the kidneys. If the blood sugar level remains high, this damage gradually reduces the function of the kidneys.

Other conditions that can damage the kidneys and cause chronic kidney disease include:

Having a narrowed or blocked renal artery. The renal artery carries blood to the kidneys.

Kidney diseases and infections, such as polycystic kidney disease, pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, or a kidney problem you were born with.

Diabetes and high blood pressure are the most common causes of chronic kidney disease that leads to kidney failure. Diabetes or high blood pressure may also speed up the progression of chronic kidney disease in someone who already has the disease.

Long-term use of medicines that can damage the kidneys. Examples include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as ibuprofen (Advil) and celecoxib (Celebrex), and certain antibiotics. Be sure your doctor knows about all prescription medicines, over-the-counter medicines, and herbs that you are taking.

5 Stages of Diabetic Nephropathy (Diabetic Kidney Disease)

There are 5 stages of Diabetic Nephropathy (Diabetic Kidney Disease):

Stage I: High Glomerular Filtration Stage.
The main features are the increase of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and the increase of size of the kidney. Diabetic patients depending on insulin have already these changes and at the same time the blood flow of the kidney and the glomerular capillaries perfusion and inside pressure will raise. The early stage of kidney affection is reversible and can be recovered after the treatment of insulin. There is no pathological damage in stage I.

Stage II: Normal Albuminuria Stage.
In this stage, urine albumin expelling(UAE) is normal (<20ug/min or < 30mg/24h ). After exercise, the UAE will increase and it can recover after rest. In stage II, there are already glomerular structure changes. Glomerular basement membrane(GBM) thickens and mesangium matrix increases and GFR is higher than normal level, GFR >150ml/min. Patients with glycolated hemoglobin >9.5%, GFR>150mL/min and UAE>30μg/min are more easier to develop to clinical Diabetic Nephropathy (Diabetic Kidney Disease).

Stage III: Early Stage Diabetic Nephropathy (Diabetic Kidney Disease).
The main manifestations are UAE is continuously higher than 20～200μg/min (30～300mg/24h). High filtration is probably one cause of continuous micro albunminuria. Of course long time poor metabolic control is also the cause. In this stage, the blood pressure will slightly rise. Lower the blood pressure can decrease part of the UAE. The thickening of GBM and the increase of mesangium matrix is more obvious. There are already glomerular diffuse changes and hyaline change of arterioles. The incidence in this stage is 16%.

Stage IV: Clinical Diabetic Nephropathy Stage.
The features of this stage are large amount of albuminuria, UAE> 200μg/min, or continuous urine protein > 0.5g/d. The blood pressure rises and there are slight microscopic hematuria and urine casts. With the loss of large amount of urine protein, hypoproteinemia and edema will appear. In this stage, GFR will decline by 1ml/min every month, but most patients don’t have high serum creatinine.

Stage V: Renal Failure Stage.
Once the continuous loss of urine protein develops to clinical Diabetic Nephropathy, the GBM will thicken widely, glomerular capillary lumens will become progressively narrow and there are more necrotic glomeruli. Therefore, the filtration function of the kidney will decline progressively and lead to Renal Failure. In the end, for most patients GFR <10mL/min, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen will increase accompanied by severe hypertension, hypoproteinemia and edema. These serious complications are always the cause of death for patients with Diabetic Nephropathy (Diabetic Kidney Disease).

Patients with Diabetes should pay closely attention to the stages of Diabetic Nephropathy (Diabetic Kidney Disease) and prevent the appearance of Diabetic Nephropathy.

What are the Harmful Aspects of Renal Failure

The duration of Renal Failure is extremely long and it is caused by various reasons that cause damage to kidney, and when the illness condition develops into end-stage of renal failure, the kidney function is 10% of normal people, and then a series of syndromes will occur. According to kidney function deteriorating rate, the Renal Failure is classified into Renal Insufficiency Stage, Renal Insufficiency Decompensatory Stage (it is also called Azotemia Stage), Renal Failure Stage, End-Stage Renal Failure is also called Uraemia Stage. Then, what are the harmful aspects for the patients in Renal Failure Stage III?

From the pathology, we find that the kidney can not produce urine or there is little urine and cannot discharge metabolin inside the body, then metabolin accumulated in the body, which means that toxic stored in the body, then each organ will run into problem. Due to the patients' poor Kidney Function, metabolic waste, such as urea nitrogen, creatinine and other toxins, all of these can not be discharged from the body by kidney. Those wastes can wonder everywhere with the blood, if they enter digestive tract, the stimulated gastrointestinal mucosa may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and etc. The oral mucosa may have canker, and patients mouth may have urine flavour. If the waste is discharged by digestive tract, it may result in urine toxicity, pleurisy and pneumonia etc. After Pericardial induced by urea, then it can cause uremicpericarditis. If the waste is discharged from skin sweat glands, Uremic Frost may appear on the patients skin.

What is more, the toxic substance encroach on nerve system, which make the patients listless, lassitude and have numb limb and headache etc. In serious cases, patients may have drowsiness, restless, convulsions, and coma.

We may find that nearly every part of the body is influenced by uremia and renal insufficiency including heart, liver, gastrointestinal, brain, bones and skin.

1.Renal Failure influence digestive system, and then it will cause anorexia, epigastric discomfort, and nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and urine flavor from mouth.

2. Renal Failure influence nerve system, and then it will lead to low spirit, exhausted, dizzy, memory loss, itchy skin, and even spasm, convulsion and coma.

3. Renal failure influence cardiovascular, and then it will cause hypertension, cardio failure, and pericarditis.

4. Renal failure influence blood system, then it will lead to anemia bleeding gingiva and epistaxis.

No matter how terrible the disease is, we hope every patient do not has fear and negative emotion. It is not terrible to have kidney disease and even have Uremia, the point is, what kind of attitude to face the ill condition. The most terrible thing is having incorrect view for the kidney disease treatment.

What not to Eat If People Have Kidney Failure

For people with Kidney Failure, timely and proper treatment is critical but patients should also pay attention to their diet. What not to eat for persons with Kidney Failure?

First, the patients shouldn't eat foods rich in potassium, such as all the edible mushroom, potato, Chinese yam, pakchoi, red dates, bananas, oranges, tremella, peaches, apricot, spinach, rape and so on.

Second, they shouldn't eat foods rich in salt, such as aginomoto, soda biscuit, fine dried noodles, soy sauce, deep-fried dough sticks and so on. The patients with unstable blood pressure and severe swelling should limit salt intake. In general, daily intake of salt should be less than 3g.

Third, the patients shouldn't eat foods rich in phosphorus, such as marine products and thalassophyte, such as, kelp, nori, animal giblets, sesame, tea leaf, honey and yolk.

Fourth, they can't eat more vegetable protein, such as, beans and beans products, bean curd, soymilk and dry fruits, such as, peanuts, melon seeds and walnut. But the patients can have quality protein, such as egg white, milk, lean meat, less than 100g every day.
Fifth, the patients shouldn't have spicy food (fresh shallot, ginger, garlic and etc).

Note: No smoking and drinking!